WebCompDev / COMPONENTS

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<link rel="import" href="../polymer/polymer.html">
<link rel="import" href="../iron-resizable-behavior/iron-resizable-behavior.html">
<link rel="import" href="../iron-a11y-keys-behavior/iron-a11y-keys-behavior.html">
<link rel="import" href="../iron-scroll-target-behavior/iron-scroll-target-behavior.html">

<!--

`iron-list` displays a virtual, 'infinite' list. The template inside
the iron-list element represents the DOM to create for each list item.
The `items` property specifies an array of list item data.

For performance reasons, not every item in the list is rendered at once;
instead a small subset of actual template elements *(enough to fill the viewport)*
are rendered and reused as the user scrolls. As such, it is important that all
state of the list template be bound to the model driving it, since the view may
be reused with a new model at any time. Particularly, any state that may change
as the result of a user interaction with the list item must be bound to the model
to avoid view state inconsistency.

__Important:__ `iron-list` must either be explicitly sized, or delegate scrolling to an
explicitly sized parent. By "explicitly sized", we mean it either has an explicit
CSS `height` property set via a class or inline style, or else is sized by other
layout means (e.g. the `flex` or `fit` classes).

### Template model

List item templates should bind to template models of the following structure:

```js
{
  index: 0,        // index in the item array
  selected: false, // true if the current item is selected
  tabIndex: -1,    // a dynamically generated tabIndex for focus management
  item: {}         // user data corresponding to items[index]
}
```

Alternatively, you can change the property name used as data index by changing the
`indexAs` property. The `as` property defines the name of the variable to add to the binding
scope for the array.

For example, given the following `data` array:

##### data.json

```js
[
  {"name": "Bob"},
  {"name": "Tim"},
  {"name": "Mike"}
]
```

The following code would render the list (note the name and checked properties are
bound from the model object provided to the template scope):

```html
<template is="dom-bind">
  <iron-ajax url="data.json" last-response="{{data}}" auto></iron-ajax>
  <iron-list items="[[data]]" as="item">
    <template>
      <div>
        Name: [[item.name]]
      </div>
    </template>
  </iron-list>
</template>
```

### Accessibility

`iron-list` automatically manages the focus state for the items. It also provides
a `tabIndex` property within the template scope that can be used for keyboard navigation.
For example, users can press the up and down keys to move to previous and next
items in the list:

```html
<iron-list items="[[data]]" as="item">
  <template>
    <div tabindex$="[[tabIndex]]">
      Name: [[item.name]]
    </div>
  </template>
</iron-list>
```

### Styling

You can use the `--iron-list-items-container` mixin to style the container of items:

```css
iron-list {
 --iron-list-items-container: {
    margin: auto;
  };
}
```

### Resizing

`iron-list` lays out the items when it receives a notification via the `iron-resize` event.
This event is fired by any element that implements `IronResizableBehavior`.

By default, elements such as `iron-pages`, `paper-tabs` or `paper-dialog` will trigger
this event automatically. If you hide the list manually (e.g. you use `display: none`)
you might want to implement `IronResizableBehavior` or fire this event manually right
after the list became visible again. For example:

```js
document.querySelector('iron-list').fire('iron-resize');
```

### When should `<iron-list>` be used?

`iron-list` should be used when a page has significantly more DOM nodes than the ones
visible on the screen. e.g. the page has 500 nodes, but only 20 are visible at the time.
This is why we refer to it as a `virtual` list. In this case, a `dom-repeat` will still
create 500 nodes which could slow down the web app, but `iron-list` will only create 20.

However, having an `iron-list` does not mean that you can load all the data at once.
Say, you have a million records in the database, you want to split the data into pages
so you can bring a page at the time. The page could contain 500 items, and iron-list
will only render 20.

@group Iron Element
@element iron-list
@demo demo/index.html List of cards
@demo demo/selection.html Items selection
@demo demo/collapse.html Collapsable items
@demo demo/scroll-threshold.html Scroll thesholds
@demo demo/basic.html Basic list

-->

<dom-module id="iron-list">
  <template>
    <style>
      :host {
        display: block;
        position: relative;
      }

      @media only screen and (-webkit-max-device-pixel-ratio: 1) {
        :host {
          will-change: transform;
        }
      }

      #items {
        @apply(--iron-list-items-container);
        position: relative;
      }

      #items > ::content > * {
        width: 100%;
        box-sizing: border-box;
        position: absolute;
        top: 0;
        will-change: transform;
      }
    </style>

    <array-selector id="selector" items="{{items}}"
      selected="{{selectedItems}}" selected-item="{{selectedItem}}">
    </array-selector>

    <div id="items">
      <content></content>
    </div>

  </template>
</dom-module>

<script>

(function() {

  var IOS = navigator.userAgent.match(/iP(?:hone|ad;(?: U;)? CPU) OS (\d+)/);
  var IOS_TOUCH_SCROLLING = IOS && IOS[1] >= 8;
  var DEFAULT_PHYSICAL_COUNT = 3;
  var MAX_PHYSICAL_COUNT = 500;
  var HIDDEN_Y = '-10000px';

  Polymer({

    is: 'iron-list',

    properties: {

      /**
       * An array containing items determining how many instances of the template
       * to stamp and that that each template instance should bind to.
       */
      items: {
        type: Array
      },

      /**
       * The name of the variable to add to the binding scope for the array
       * element associated with a given template instance.
       */
      as: {
        type: String,
        value: 'item'
      },

      /**
       * The name of the variable to add to the binding scope with the index
       * for the row.
       */
      indexAs: {
        type: String,
        value: 'index'
      },

      /**
       * The name of the variable to add to the binding scope to indicate
       * if the row is selected.
       */
      selectedAs: {
        type: String,
        value: 'selected'
      },

      /**
       * When true, tapping a row will select the item, placing its data model
       * in the set of selected items retrievable via the selection property.
       *
       * Note that tapping focusable elements within the list item will not
       * result in selection, since they are presumed to have their * own action.
       */
      selectionEnabled: {
        type: Boolean,
        value: false
      },

      /**
       * When `multiSelection` is false, this is the currently selected item, or `null`
       * if no item is selected.
       */
      selectedItem: {
        type: Object,
        notify: true
      },

      /**
       * When `multiSelection` is true, this is an array that contains the selected items.
       */
      selectedItems: {
        type: Object,
        notify: true
      },

      /**
       * When `true`, multiple items may be selected at once (in this case,
       * `selected` is an array of currently selected items).  When `false`,
       * only one item may be selected at a time.
       */
      multiSelection: {
        type: Boolean,
        value: false
      }
    },

    observers: [
      '_itemsChanged(items.*)',
      '_selectionEnabledChanged(selectionEnabled)',
      '_multiSelectionChanged(multiSelection)',
      '_setOverflow(scrollTarget)'
    ],

    behaviors: [
      Polymer.Templatizer,
      Polymer.IronResizableBehavior,
      Polymer.IronA11yKeysBehavior,
      Polymer.IronScrollTargetBehavior
    ],

    keyBindings: {
      'up': '_didMoveUp',
      'down': '_didMoveDown',
      'enter': '_didEnter'
    },

    /**
     * The ratio of hidden tiles that should remain in the scroll direction.
     * Recommended value ~0.5, so it will distribute tiles evely in both directions.
     */
    _ratio: 0.5,

    /**
     * The padding-top value for the list.
     */
    _scrollerPaddingTop: 0,

    /**
     * This value is the same as `scrollTop`.
     */
    _scrollPosition: 0,

    /**
     * The sum of the heights of all the tiles in the DOM.
     */
    _physicalSize: 0,

    /**
     * The average `F` of the tiles observed till now.
     */
    _physicalAverage: 0,

    /**
     * The number of tiles which `offsetHeight` > 0 observed until now.
     */
    _physicalAverageCount: 0,

    /**
     * The Y position of the item rendered in the `_physicalStart`
     * tile relative to the scrolling list.
     */
    _physicalTop: 0,

    /**
     * The number of items in the list.
     */
    _virtualCount: 0,

    /**
     * A map between an item key and its physical item index
     */
    _physicalIndexForKey: null,

    /**
     * The estimated scroll height based on `_physicalAverage`
     */
    _estScrollHeight: 0,

    /**
     * The scroll height of the dom node
     */
    _scrollHeight: 0,

    /**
     * The height of the list. This is referred as the viewport in the context of list.
     */
    _viewportSize: 0,

    /**
     * An array of DOM nodes that are currently in the tree
     * @type {?Array<!TemplatizerNode>}
     */
    _physicalItems: null,

    /**
     * An array of heights for each item in `_physicalItems`
     * @type {?Array<number>}
     */
    _physicalSizes: null,

    /**
     * A cached value for the first visible index.
     * See `firstVisibleIndex`
     * @type {?number}
     */
    _firstVisibleIndexVal: null,

    /**
     * A cached value for the last visible index.
     * See `lastVisibleIndex`
     * @type {?number}
     */
    _lastVisibleIndexVal: null,

    /**
     * A Polymer collection for the items.
     * @type {?Polymer.Collection}
     */
    _collection: null,

    /**
     * True if the current item list was rendered for the first time
     * after attached.
     */
    _itemsRendered: false,

    /**
     * The page that is currently rendered.
     */
    _lastPage: null,

    /**
     * The max number of pages to render. One page is equivalent to the height of the list.
     */
    _maxPages: 3,

    /**
     * The currently focused physical item.
     */
    _focusedItem: null,

    /**
     * The index of the `_focusedItem`.
     */
    _focusedIndex: -1,

    /**
     * The the item that is focused if it is moved offscreen.
     * @private {?TemplatizerNode}
     */
    _offscreenFocusedItem: null,

    /**
     * The item that backfills the `_offscreenFocusedItem` in the physical items
     * list when that item is moved offscreen.
     */
    _focusBackfillItem: null,

    /**
     * The bottom of the physical content.
     */
    get _physicalBottom() {
      return this._physicalTop + this._physicalSize;
    },

    /**
     * The bottom of the scroll.
     */
    get _scrollBottom() {
      return this._scrollPosition + this._viewportSize;
    },

    /**
     * The n-th item rendered in the last physical item.
     */
    get _virtualEnd() {
      return this._virtualStart + this._physicalCount - 1;
    },

    /**
     * The height of the physical content that isn't on the screen.
     */
    get _hiddenContentSize() {
      return this._physicalSize - this._viewportSize;
    },

    /**
     * The maximum scroll top value.
     */
    get _maxScrollTop() {
      return this._estScrollHeight - this._viewportSize + this._scrollerPaddingTop;
    },

    /**
     * The lowest n-th value for an item such that it can be rendered in `_physicalStart`.
     */
    _minVirtualStart: 0,

    /**
     * The largest n-th value for an item such that it can be rendered in `_physicalStart`.
     */
    get _maxVirtualStart() {
      return Math.max(0, this._virtualCount - this._physicalCount);
    },

    /**
     * The n-th item rendered in the `_physicalStart` tile.
     */
    _virtualStartVal: 0,

    set _virtualStart(val) {
      this._virtualStartVal = Math.min(this._maxVirtualStart, Math.max(this._minVirtualStart, val));
    },

    get _virtualStart() {
      return this._virtualStartVal || 0;
    },

    /**
     * The k-th tile that is at the top of the scrolling list.
     */
    _physicalStartVal: 0,

    set _physicalStart(val) {
      this._physicalStartVal = val % this._physicalCount;
      if (this._physicalStartVal < 0) {
        this._physicalStartVal = this._physicalCount + this._physicalStartVal;
      }
      this._physicalEnd = (this._physicalStart + this._physicalCount - 1) % this._physicalCount;
    },

    get _physicalStart() {
      return this._physicalStartVal || 0;
    },

    /**
     * The number of tiles in the DOM.
     */
    _physicalCountVal: 0,

    set _physicalCount(val) {
      this._physicalCountVal = val;
      this._physicalEnd = (this._physicalStart + this._physicalCount - 1) % this._physicalCount;
    },

    get _physicalCount() {
      return this._physicalCountVal;
    },

    /**
     * The k-th tile that is at the bottom of the scrolling list.
     */
    _physicalEnd: 0,

    /**
     * An optimal physical size such that we will have enough physical items
     * to fill up the viewport and recycle when the user scrolls.
     *
     * This default value assumes that we will at least have the equivalent
     * to a viewport of physical items above and below the user's viewport.
     */
    get _optPhysicalSize() {
      return this._viewportSize * this._maxPages;
    },

   /**
    * True if the current list is visible.
    */
    get _isVisible() {
      return this.scrollTarget && Boolean(this.scrollTarget.offsetWidth || this.scrollTarget.offsetHeight);
    },

    /**
     * Gets the index of the first visible item in the viewport.
     *
     * @type {number}
     */
    get firstVisibleIndex() {
      if (this._firstVisibleIndexVal === null) {
        var physicalOffset = this._physicalTop + this._scrollerPaddingTop;

        this._firstVisibleIndexVal = this._iterateItems(
          function(pidx, vidx) {
            physicalOffset += this._physicalSizes[pidx];
            if (physicalOffset > this._scrollPosition) {
              return vidx;
            }
          }) || 0;
      }
      return this._firstVisibleIndexVal;
    },

    /**
     * Gets the index of the last visible item in the viewport.
     *
     * @type {number}
     */
    get lastVisibleIndex() {
      if (this._lastVisibleIndexVal === null) {
        var physicalOffset = this._physicalTop;

        this._iterateItems(function(pidx, vidx) {
          physicalOffset += this._physicalSizes[pidx];

          if (physicalOffset <= this._scrollBottom) {
            this._lastVisibleIndexVal = vidx;
          }
        });
      }
      return this._lastVisibleIndexVal;
    },

    get _defaultScrollTarget() {
      return this;
    },

    ready: function() {
      this.addEventListener('focus', this._didFocus.bind(this), true);
    },

    attached: function() {
      this.updateViewportBoundaries();
      this._render();
      // `iron-resize` is fired when the list is attached if the event is added
      // before attached causing unnecessary work.
      this.listen(this, 'iron-resize', '_resizeHandler');
    },

    detached: function() {
      this._itemsRendered = false;
      this.unlisten(this, 'iron-resize', '_resizeHandler');
    },

    /**
     * Set the overflow property if this element has its own scrolling region
     */
    _setOverflow: function(scrollTarget) {
      this.style.webkitOverflowScrolling = scrollTarget === this ? 'touch' : '';
      this.style.overflow = scrollTarget === this ? 'auto' : '';
    },

    /**
     * Invoke this method if you dynamically update the viewport's
     * size or CSS padding.
     *
     * @method updateViewportBoundaries
     */
    updateViewportBoundaries: function() {
      this._scrollerPaddingTop = this.scrollTarget === this ? 0 :
          parseInt(window.getComputedStyle(this)['padding-top'], 10);

      this._viewportSize = this._scrollTargetHeight;
    },

    /**
     * Update the models, the position of the
     * items in the viewport and recycle tiles as needed.
     */
    _scrollHandler: function() {
      // clamp the `scrollTop` value
      var scrollTop = Math.max(0, Math.min(this._maxScrollTop, this._scrollTop));
      var delta = scrollTop - this._scrollPosition;
      var tileHeight, tileTop, kth, recycledTileSet, scrollBottom, physicalBottom;
      var ratio = this._ratio;
      var recycledTiles = 0;
      var hiddenContentSize = this._hiddenContentSize;
      var currentRatio = ratio;
      var movingUp = [];

      // track the last `scrollTop`
      this._scrollPosition = scrollTop;

      // clear cached visible indexes
      this._firstVisibleIndexVal = null;
      this._lastVisibleIndexVal = null;

      scrollBottom = this._scrollBottom;
      physicalBottom = this._physicalBottom;

      // random access
      if (Math.abs(delta) > this._physicalSize) {
        this._physicalTop += delta;
        recycledTiles =  Math.round(delta / this._physicalAverage);
      }
      // scroll up
      else if (delta < 0) {
        var topSpace = scrollTop - this._physicalTop;
        var virtualStart = this._virtualStart;

        recycledTileSet = [];

        kth = this._physicalEnd;
        currentRatio = topSpace / hiddenContentSize;

        // move tiles from bottom to top
        while (
            // approximate `currentRatio` to `ratio`
            currentRatio < ratio &&
            // recycle less physical items than the total
            recycledTiles < this._physicalCount &&
            // ensure that these recycled tiles are needed
            virtualStart - recycledTiles > 0 &&
            // ensure that the tile is not visible
            physicalBottom - this._physicalSizes[kth] > scrollBottom
        ) {

          tileHeight = this._physicalSizes[kth];
          currentRatio += tileHeight / hiddenContentSize;
          physicalBottom -= tileHeight;
          recycledTileSet.push(kth);
          recycledTiles++;
          kth = (kth === 0) ? this._physicalCount - 1 : kth - 1;
        }

        movingUp = recycledTileSet;
        recycledTiles = -recycledTiles;
      }
      // scroll down
      else if (delta > 0) {
        var bottomSpace = physicalBottom - scrollBottom;
        var virtualEnd = this._virtualEnd;
        var lastVirtualItemIndex = this._virtualCount-1;

        recycledTileSet = [];

        kth = this._physicalStart;
        currentRatio = bottomSpace / hiddenContentSize;

        // move tiles from top to bottom
        while (
            // approximate `currentRatio` to `ratio`
            currentRatio < ratio &&
            // recycle less physical items than the total
            recycledTiles < this._physicalCount &&
            // ensure that these recycled tiles are needed
            virtualEnd + recycledTiles < lastVirtualItemIndex &&
            // ensure that the tile is not visible
            this._physicalTop + this._physicalSizes[kth] < scrollTop
          ) {

          tileHeight = this._physicalSizes[kth];
          currentRatio += tileHeight / hiddenContentSize;

          this._physicalTop += tileHeight;
          recycledTileSet.push(kth);
          recycledTiles++;
          kth = (kth + 1) % this._physicalCount;
        }
      }

      if (recycledTiles === 0) {
        // Try to increase the pool if the list's client height isn't filled up with physical items
        if (physicalBottom < scrollBottom || this._physicalTop > scrollTop) {
          this._increasePoolIfNeeded();
        }
      } else {
        this._virtualStart = this._virtualStart + recycledTiles;
        this._physicalStart = this._physicalStart + recycledTiles;
        this._update(recycledTileSet, movingUp);
      }
    },

    /**
     * Update the list of items, starting from the `_virtualStart` item.
     * @param {!Array<number>=} itemSet
     * @param {!Array<number>=} movingUp
     */
    _update: function(itemSet, movingUp) {
      // manage focus
      this._manageFocus();
      // update models
      this._assignModels(itemSet);
      // measure heights
      this._updateMetrics(itemSet);
      // adjust offset after measuring
      if (movingUp) {
        while (movingUp.length) {
          this._physicalTop -= this._physicalSizes[movingUp.pop()];
        }
      }
      // update the position of the items
      this._positionItems();
      // set the scroller size
      this._updateScrollerSize();
      // increase the pool of physical items
      this._increasePoolIfNeeded();
    },

    /**
     * Creates a pool of DOM elements and attaches them to the local dom.
     */
    _createPool: function(size) {
      var physicalItems = new Array(size);

      this._ensureTemplatized();

      for (var i = 0; i < size; i++) {
        var inst = this.stamp(null);
        // First element child is item; Safari doesn't support children[0]
        // on a doc fragment
        physicalItems[i] = inst.root.querySelector('*');
        Polymer.dom(this).appendChild(inst.root);
      }
      return physicalItems;
    },

    /**
     * Increases the pool of physical items only if needed.
     *
     * @return {boolean} True if the pool was increased.
     */
    _increasePoolIfNeeded: function() {
      // Base case 1: the list has no size.
      if (this._viewportSize === 0) {
        return false;
      }
      // Base case 2: If the physical size is optimal and the list's client height is full
      // with physical items, don't increase the pool.
      var isClientHeightFull = this._physicalBottom >= this._scrollBottom && this._physicalTop <= this._scrollPosition;
      if (this._physicalSize >= this._optPhysicalSize && isClientHeightFull) {
        return false;
      }
      // this value should range between [0 <= `currentPage` <= `_maxPages`]
      var currentPage = Math.floor(this._physicalSize / this._viewportSize);

      if (currentPage === 0) {
        // fill the first page
        this._debounceTemplate(this._increasePool.bind(this, Math.round(this._physicalCount * 0.5)));
      } else if (this._lastPage !== currentPage && isClientHeightFull) {
        // paint the page and defer the next increase
        // wait 16ms which is rough enough to get paint cycle.
        Polymer.dom.addDebouncer(this.debounce('_debounceTemplate', this._increasePool.bind(this, 1), 16));
      } else {
        // fill the rest of the pages
        this._debounceTemplate(this._increasePool.bind(this, 1));
      }

      this._lastPage = currentPage;

      return true;
    },

    /**
     * Increases the pool size.
     */
    _increasePool: function(missingItems) {
      var nextPhysicalCount = Math.min(
          this._physicalCount + missingItems,
          this._virtualCount - this._virtualStart,
          MAX_PHYSICAL_COUNT
        );
      var prevPhysicalCount = this._physicalCount;
      var delta = nextPhysicalCount - prevPhysicalCount;

      if (delta <= 0) {
        return;
      }

      [].push.apply(this._physicalItems, this._createPool(delta));
      [].push.apply(this._physicalSizes, new Array(delta));

      this._physicalCount = prevPhysicalCount + delta;

      // update the physical start if we need to preserve the model of the focused item.
      // In this situation, the focused item is currently rendered and its model would
      // have changed after increasing the pool if the physical start remained unchanged.
      if (this._physicalStart > this._physicalEnd &&
          this._isIndexRendered(this._focusedIndex) &&
          this._getPhysicalIndex(this._focusedIndex) < this._physicalEnd) {
        this._physicalStart = this._physicalStart + delta;
      }
      this._update();
    },

    /**
     * Render a new list of items. This method does exactly the same as `update`,
     * but it also ensures that only one `update` cycle is created.
     */
    _render: function() {
      var requiresUpdate = this._virtualCount > 0 || this._physicalCount > 0;

      if (this.isAttached && !this._itemsRendered && this._isVisible && requiresUpdate) {
        this._lastPage = 0;
        this._update();
        this._itemsRendered = true;
      }
    },

    /**
     * Templetizes the user template.
     */
    _ensureTemplatized: function() {
      if (!this.ctor) {
        // Template instance props that should be excluded from forwarding
        var props = {};
        props.__key__ = true;
        props[this.as] = true;
        props[this.indexAs] = true;
        props[this.selectedAs] = true;
        props.tabIndex = true;

        this._instanceProps = props;
        this._userTemplate = Polymer.dom(this).querySelector('template');

        if (this._userTemplate) {
          this.templatize(this._userTemplate);
        } else {
          console.warn('iron-list requires a template to be provided in light-dom');
        }
      }
    },

    /**
     * Implements extension point from Templatizer mixin.
     */
    _getStampedChildren: function() {
      return this._physicalItems;
    },

    /**
     * Implements extension point from Templatizer
     * Called as a side effect of a template instance path change, responsible
     * for notifying items.<key-for-instance>.<path> change up to host.
     */
    _forwardInstancePath: function(inst, path, value) {
      if (path.indexOf(this.as + '.') === 0) {
        this.notifyPath('items.' + inst.__key__ + '.' +
          path.slice(this.as.length + 1), value);
      }
    },

    /**
     * Implements extension point from Templatizer mixin
     * Called as side-effect of a host property change, responsible for
     * notifying parent path change on each row.
     */
    _forwardParentProp: function(prop, value) {
      if (this._physicalItems) {
        this._physicalItems.forEach(function(item) {
          item._templateInstance[prop] = value;
        }, this);
      }
    },

    /**
     * Implements extension point from Templatizer
     * Called as side-effect of a host path change, responsible for
     * notifying parent.<path> path change on each row.
     */
    _forwardParentPath: function(path, value) {
      if (this._physicalItems) {
        this._physicalItems.forEach(function(item) {
          item._templateInstance.notifyPath(path, value, true);
        }, this);
      }
    },

    /**
     * Called as a side effect of a host items.<key>.<path> path change,
     * responsible for notifying item.<path> changes.
     */
    _forwardItemPath: function(path, value) {
      if (!this._physicalIndexForKey) {
        return;
      }
      var inst;
      var dot = path.indexOf('.');
      var key = path.substring(0, dot < 0 ? path.length : dot);
      var idx = this._physicalIndexForKey[key];
      var el = this._physicalItems[idx];


      if (idx === this._focusedIndex && this._offscreenFocusedItem) {
        el = this._offscreenFocusedItem;
      }
      if (!el) {
        return;
      }

      inst = el._templateInstance;

      if (inst.__key__ !== key) {
        return;
      }
      if (dot >= 0) {
        path = this.as + '.' + path.substring(dot+1);
        inst.notifyPath(path, value, true);
      } else {
        inst[this.as] = value;
      }
    },

    /**
     * Called when the items have changed. That is, ressignments
     * to `items`, splices or updates to a single item.
     */
    _itemsChanged: function(change) {
      if (change.path === 'items') {
        // reset items
        this._virtualStart = 0;
        this._physicalTop = 0;
        this._virtualCount = this.items ? this.items.length : 0;
        this._collection = this.items ? Polymer.Collection.get(this.items) : null;
        this._physicalIndexForKey = {};

        this._resetScrollPosition(0);
        this._removeFocusedItem();

        // create the initial physical items
        if (!this._physicalItems) {
          this._physicalCount = Math.max(1, Math.min(DEFAULT_PHYSICAL_COUNT, this._virtualCount));
          this._physicalItems = this._createPool(this._physicalCount);
          this._physicalSizes = new Array(this._physicalCount);
        }

        this._physicalStart = 0;

      } else if (change.path === 'items.splices') {
        this._adjustVirtualIndex(change.value.indexSplices);
        this._virtualCount = this.items ? this.items.length : 0;

      } else {
        // update a single item
        this._forwardItemPath(change.path.split('.').slice(1).join('.'), change.value);
        return;
      }

      this._itemsRendered = false;
      this._debounceTemplate(this._render);
    },

    /**
     * @param {!Array<!PolymerSplice>} splices
     */
    _adjustVirtualIndex: function(splices) {
      splices.forEach(function(splice) {
        // deselect removed items
        splice.removed.forEach(this._removeItem, this);
        // We only need to care about changes happening above the current position
        if (splice.index < this._virtualStart) {
          var delta = Math.max(
              splice.addedCount - splice.removed.length,
              splice.index - this._virtualStart);

          this._virtualStart = this._virtualStart + delta;

          if (this._focusedIndex >= 0) {
            this._focusedIndex = this._focusedIndex + delta;
          }
        }
      }, this);
    },

    _removeItem: function(item) {
      this.$.selector.deselect(item);
      // remove the current focused item
      if (this._focusedItem && this._focusedItem._templateInstance[this.as] === item) {
        this._removeFocusedItem();
      }
    },

    /**
     * Executes a provided function per every physical index in `itemSet`
     * `itemSet` default value is equivalent to the entire set of physical indexes.
     *
     * @param {!function(number, number)} fn
     * @param {!Array<number>=} itemSet
     */
    _iterateItems: function(fn, itemSet) {
      var pidx, vidx, rtn, i;

      if (arguments.length === 2 && itemSet) {
        for (i = 0; i < itemSet.length; i++) {
          pidx = itemSet[i];
          if (pidx >= this._physicalStart) {
            vidx = this._virtualStart + (pidx - this._physicalStart);
          } else {
            vidx = this._virtualStart + (this._physicalCount - this._physicalStart) + pidx;
          }
          if ((rtn = fn.call(this, pidx, vidx)) != null) {
            return rtn;
          }
        }
      } else {
        pidx = this._physicalStart;
        vidx = this._virtualStart;

        for (; pidx < this._physicalCount; pidx++, vidx++) {
          if ((rtn = fn.call(this, pidx, vidx)) != null) {
            return rtn;
          }
        }
        for (pidx = 0; pidx < this._physicalStart; pidx++, vidx++) {
          if ((rtn = fn.call(this, pidx, vidx)) != null) {
            return rtn;
          }
        }
      }
    },

    /**
     * Assigns the data models to a given set of items.
     * @param {!Array<number>=} itemSet
     */
    _assignModels: function(itemSet) {
      this._iterateItems(function(pidx, vidx) {
        var el = this._physicalItems[pidx];
        var inst = el._templateInstance;
        var item = this.items && this.items[vidx];

        if (item != null) {
          inst[this.as] = item;
          inst.__key__ = this._collection.getKey(item);
          inst[this.selectedAs] = /** @type {!ArraySelectorElement} */ (this.$.selector).isSelected(item);
          inst[this.indexAs] = vidx;
          inst.tabIndex = this._focusedIndex === vidx ? 0 : -1;
          this._physicalIndexForKey[inst.__key__] = pidx;
          el.removeAttribute('hidden');
        } else {
          inst.__key__ = null;
          el.setAttribute('hidden', '');
        }
      }, itemSet);
    },

    /**
     * Updates the height for a given set of items.
     *
     * @param {!Array<number>=} itemSet
     */
     _updateMetrics: function(itemSet) {
      // Make sure we distributed all the physical items
      // so we can measure them
      Polymer.dom.flush();

      var newPhysicalSize = 0;
      var oldPhysicalSize = 0;
      var prevAvgCount = this._physicalAverageCount;
      var prevPhysicalAvg = this._physicalAverage;

      this._iterateItems(function(pidx, vidx) {

        oldPhysicalSize += this._physicalSizes[pidx] || 0;
        this._physicalSizes[pidx] = this._physicalItems[pidx].offsetHeight;
        newPhysicalSize += this._physicalSizes[pidx];
        this._physicalAverageCount += this._physicalSizes[pidx] ? 1 : 0;

      }, itemSet);

      this._physicalSize = this._physicalSize + newPhysicalSize - oldPhysicalSize;
      this._viewportSize = this._scrollTargetHeight;

      // update the average if we measured something
      if (this._physicalAverageCount !== prevAvgCount) {
        this._physicalAverage = Math.round(
            ((prevPhysicalAvg * prevAvgCount) + newPhysicalSize) /
            this._physicalAverageCount);
      }
    },

    /**
     * Updates the position of the physical items.
     */
    _positionItems: function() {
      this._adjustScrollPosition();

      var y = this._physicalTop;

      this._iterateItems(function(pidx) {
        this.translate3d(0, y + 'px', 0, this._physicalItems[pidx]);
        y += this._physicalSizes[pidx];
      });
    },

    /**
     * Adjusts the scroll position when it was overestimated.
     */
    _adjustScrollPosition: function() {
      var deltaHeight = this._virtualStart === 0 ? this._physicalTop :
          Math.min(this._scrollPosition + this._physicalTop, 0);

      if (deltaHeight) {
        this._physicalTop = this._physicalTop - deltaHeight;
        // juking scroll position during interial scrolling on iOS is no bueno
        if (!IOS_TOUCH_SCROLLING) {
          this._resetScrollPosition(this._scrollTop - deltaHeight);
        }
      }
    },

    /**
     * Sets the position of the scroll.
     */
    _resetScrollPosition: function(pos) {
      if (this.scrollTarget) {
        this._scrollTop = pos;
        this._scrollPosition = this._scrollTop;
      }
    },

    /**
     * Sets the scroll height, that's the height of the content,
     *
     * @param {boolean=} forceUpdate If true, updates the height no matter what.
     */
    _updateScrollerSize: function(forceUpdate) {
      this._estScrollHeight = (this._physicalBottom +
          Math.max(this._virtualCount - this._physicalCount - this._virtualStart, 0) * this._physicalAverage);

      forceUpdate = forceUpdate || this._scrollHeight === 0;
      forceUpdate = forceUpdate || this._scrollPosition >= this._estScrollHeight - this._physicalSize;

      // amortize height adjustment, so it won't trigger repaints very often
      if (forceUpdate || Math.abs(this._estScrollHeight - this._scrollHeight) >= this._optPhysicalSize) {
        this.$.items.style.height = this._estScrollHeight + 'px';
        this._scrollHeight = this._estScrollHeight;
      }
    },
    /**
     * Scroll to a specific item in the virtual list regardless
     * of the physical items in the DOM tree.
     *
     * @method scrollToIndex
     * @param {number} idx The index of the item
     */
    scrollToIndex: function(idx) {
      if (typeof idx !== 'number') {
        return;
      }

      Polymer.dom.flush();

      idx = Math.min(Math.max(idx, 0), this._virtualCount-1);
      // update the virtual start only when needed
      if (!this._isIndexRendered(idx) || idx >= this._maxVirtualStart) {
        this._virtualStart = idx - 1;
      }
      // manage focus
      this._manageFocus();
      // assign new models
      this._assignModels();
      // measure the new sizes
      this._updateMetrics();
      // estimate new physical offset
      this._physicalTop = this._virtualStart * this._physicalAverage;

      var currentTopItem = this._physicalStart;
      var currentVirtualItem = this._virtualStart;
      var targetOffsetTop = 0;
      var hiddenContentSize = this._hiddenContentSize;

      // scroll to the item as much as we can
      while (currentVirtualItem < idx && targetOffsetTop < hiddenContentSize) {
        targetOffsetTop = targetOffsetTop + this._physicalSizes[currentTopItem];
        currentTopItem = (currentTopItem + 1) % this._physicalCount;
        currentVirtualItem++;
      }
      // update the scroller size
      this._updateScrollerSize(true);
      // update the position of the items
      this._positionItems();
      // set the new scroll position
      this._resetScrollPosition(this._physicalTop + this._scrollerPaddingTop + targetOffsetTop);
      // increase the pool of physical items if needed
      this._increasePoolIfNeeded();
      // clear cached visible index
      this._firstVisibleIndexVal = null;
      this._lastVisibleIndexVal = null;
    },

    /**
     * Reset the physical average and the average count.
     */
    _resetAverage: function() {
      this._physicalAverage = 0;
      this._physicalAverageCount = 0;
    },

    /**
     * A handler for the `iron-resize` event triggered by `IronResizableBehavior`
     * when the element is resized.
     */
    _resizeHandler: function() {
      // iOS fires the resize event when the address bar slides up
      if (IOS && Math.abs(this._viewportSize - this._scrollTargetHeight) < 100) {
        return;
      }
      // In Desktop Safari 9.0.3, if the scroll bars are always shown, 
      // changing the scroll position from a resize handler would result in 
      // the scroll position being reset. Waiting 1ms fixes the issue. 
      Polymer.dom.addDebouncer(this.debounce('_debounceTemplate',
        function() {
          this._render();

          if (this._itemsRendered && this._physicalItems && this._isVisible) {
            this._resetAverage();
            this.updateViewportBoundaries();
            this.scrollToIndex(this.firstVisibleIndex);
          }
        }.bind(this), 1));
    },

    _getModelFromItem: function(item) {
      var key = this._collection.getKey(item);
      var pidx = this._physicalIndexForKey[key];

      if (pidx != null) {
        return this._physicalItems[pidx]._templateInstance;
      }
      return null;
    },

    /**
     * Gets a valid item instance from its index or the object value.
     *
     * @param {(Object|number)} item The item object or its index
     */
    _getNormalizedItem: function(item) {
      if (this._collection.getKey(item) === undefined) {
        if (typeof item === 'number') {
          item = this.items[item];
          if (!item) {
            throw new RangeError('<item> not found');
          }
          return item;
        }
        throw new TypeError('<item> should be a valid item');
      }
      return item;
    },

    /**
     * Select the list item at the given index.
     *
     * @method selectItem
     * @param {(Object|number)} item The item object or its index
     */
    selectItem: function(item) {
      item = this._getNormalizedItem(item);
      var model = this._getModelFromItem(item);

      if (!this.multiSelection && this.selectedItem) {
        this.deselectItem(this.selectedItem);
      }
      if (model) {
        model[this.selectedAs] = true;
      }
      this.$.selector.select(item);
      this.updateSizeForItem(item);
    },

    /**
     * Deselects the given item list if it is already selected.
     *

     * @method deselect
     * @param {(Object|number)} item The item object or its index
     */
    deselectItem: function(item) {
      item = this._getNormalizedItem(item);
      var model = this._getModelFromItem(item);

      if (model) {
        model[this.selectedAs] = false;
      }
      this.$.selector.deselect(item);
      this.updateSizeForItem(item);
    },

    /**
     * Select or deselect a given item depending on whether the item
     * has already been selected.
     *
     * @method toggleSelectionForItem
     * @param {(Object|number)} item The item object or its index
     */
    toggleSelectionForItem: function(item) {
      item = this._getNormalizedItem(item);
      if (/** @type {!ArraySelectorElement} */ (this.$.selector).isSelected(item)) {
        this.deselectItem(item);
      } else {
        this.selectItem(item);
      }
    },

    /**
     * Clears the current selection state of the list.
     *
     * @method clearSelection
     */
    clearSelection: function() {
      function unselect(item) {
        var model = this._getModelFromItem(item);
        if (model) {
          model[this.selectedAs] = false;
        }
      }

      if (Array.isArray(this.selectedItems)) {
        this.selectedItems.forEach(unselect, this);
      } else if (this.selectedItem) {
        unselect.call(this, this.selectedItem);
      }

      /** @type {!ArraySelectorElement} */ (this.$.selector).clearSelection();
    },

    /**
     * Add an event listener to `tap` if `selectionEnabled` is true,
     * it will remove the listener otherwise.
     */
    _selectionEnabledChanged: function(selectionEnabled) {
      var handler = selectionEnabled ? this.listen : this.unlisten;
      handler.call(this, this, 'tap', '_selectionHandler');
    },

    /**
     * Select an item from an event object.
     */
    _selectionHandler: function(e) {
      if (this.selectionEnabled) {
        var model = this.modelForElement(e.target);
        if (model) {
          this.toggleSelectionForItem(model[this.as]);
        }
      }
    },

    _multiSelectionChanged: function(multiSelection) {
      this.clearSelection();
      this.$.selector.multi = multiSelection;
    },

    /**
     * Updates the size of an item.
     *
     * @method updateSizeForItem
     * @param {(Object|number)} item The item object or its index
     */
    updateSizeForItem: function(item) {
      item = this._getNormalizedItem(item);
      var key = this._collection.getKey(item);
      var pidx = this._physicalIndexForKey[key];

      if (pidx != null) {
        this._updateMetrics([pidx]);
        this._positionItems();
      }
    },

    /**
     * Creates a temporary backfill item in the rendered pool of physical items
     * to replace the main focused item. The focused item has tabIndex = 0
     * and might be currently focused by the user.
     *
     * This dynamic replacement helps to preserve the focus state.
     */
    _manageFocus: function() {
      var fidx = this._focusedIndex;

      if (fidx >= 0 && fidx < this._virtualCount) {
        // if it's a valid index, check if that index is rendered
        // in a physical item.
        if (this._isIndexRendered(fidx)) {
          this._restoreFocusedItem();
        } else {
          this._createFocusBackfillItem();
        }
      } else if (this._virtualCount > 0 && this._physicalCount > 0) {
        // otherwise, assign the initial focused index.
        this._focusedIndex = this._virtualStart;
        this._focusedItem = this._physicalItems[this._physicalStart];
      }
    },

    _isIndexRendered: function(idx) {
      return idx >= this._virtualStart && idx <= this._virtualEnd;
    },

    _isIndexVisible: function(idx) {
      return idx >= this.firstVisibleIndex && idx <= this.lastVisibleIndex;
    },

    _getPhysicalIndex: function(idx) {
      return this._physicalIndexForKey[this._collection.getKey(this._getNormalizedItem(idx))];
    },

    _focusPhysicalItem: function(idx) {
      if (idx < 0 || idx >= this._virtualCount) {
        return;
      }
      this._restoreFocusedItem();
      // scroll to index to make sure it's rendered
      if (!this._isIndexRendered(idx)) {
        this.scrollToIndex(idx);
      }

      var physicalItem = this._physicalItems[this._getPhysicalIndex(idx)];
      var SECRET = ~(Math.random() * 100);
      var model = physicalItem._templateInstance;
      var focusable;

      // set a secret tab index
      model.tabIndex = SECRET;
      // check if focusable element is the physical item
      if (physicalItem.tabIndex === SECRET) {
       focusable = physicalItem;
      }
      // search for the element which tabindex is bound to the secret tab index
      if (!focusable) {
        focusable = Polymer.dom(physicalItem).querySelector('[tabindex="' + SECRET + '"]');
      }
      // restore the tab index
      model.tabIndex = 0;
      // focus the focusable element
      this._focusedIndex = idx;
      focusable && focusable.focus();
    },

    _removeFocusedItem: function() {
      if (this._offscreenFocusedItem) {
        Polymer.dom(this).removeChild(this._offscreenFocusedItem);
      }
      this._offscreenFocusedItem = null;
      this._focusBackfillItem = null;
      this._focusedItem = null;
      this._focusedIndex = -1;
    },

    _createFocusBackfillItem: function() {
      var pidx, fidx = this._focusedIndex;
      if (this._offscreenFocusedItem || fidx < 0) {
        return;
      }
      if (!this._focusBackfillItem) {
        // create a physical item, so that it backfills the focused item.
        var stampedTemplate = this.stamp(null);
        this._focusBackfillItem = stampedTemplate.root.querySelector('*');
        Polymer.dom(this).appendChild(stampedTemplate.root);
      }
      // get the physical index for the focused index
      pidx = this._getPhysicalIndex(fidx);

      if (pidx != null) {
        // set the offcreen focused physical item
        this._offscreenFocusedItem = this._physicalItems[pidx];
        // backfill the focused physical item
        this._physicalItems[pidx] = this._focusBackfillItem;
        // hide the focused physical
        this.translate3d(0, HIDDEN_Y, 0, this._offscreenFocusedItem);
      }
    },

    _restoreFocusedItem: function() {
      var pidx, fidx = this._focusedIndex;

      if (!this._offscreenFocusedItem || this._focusedIndex < 0) {
        return;
      }
      // assign models to the focused index
      this._assignModels();
      // get the new physical index for the focused index
      pidx = this._getPhysicalIndex(fidx);

      if (pidx != null) {
        // flip the focus backfill
        this._focusBackfillItem = this._physicalItems[pidx];
        // restore the focused physical item
        this._physicalItems[pidx] = this._offscreenFocusedItem;
        // reset the offscreen focused item
        this._offscreenFocusedItem = null;
        // hide the physical item that backfills
        this.translate3d(0, HIDDEN_Y, 0, this._focusBackfillItem);
      }
    },

    _didFocus: function(e) {
      var targetModel = this.modelForElement(e.target);
      var focusedModel = this._focusedItem ? this._focusedItem._templateInstance : null;
      var hasOffscreenFocusedItem = this._offscreenFocusedItem !== null;
      var fidx = this._focusedIndex;

      if (!targetModel || !focusedModel) {
        return;
      }
      if (focusedModel === targetModel) {
        // if the user focused the same item, then bring it into view if it's not visible
        if (!this._isIndexVisible(fidx)) {
          this.scrollToIndex(fidx);
        }
      } else {
        this._restoreFocusedItem();
        // restore tabIndex for the currently focused item
        focusedModel.tabIndex = -1;
        // set the tabIndex for the next focused item
        targetModel.tabIndex = 0;
        fidx = targetModel[this.indexAs];
        this._focusedIndex = fidx;
        this._focusedItem = this._physicalItems[this._getPhysicalIndex(fidx)];

        if (hasOffscreenFocusedItem && !this._offscreenFocusedItem) {
          this._update();
        }
      }
    },

    _didMoveUp: function() {
      this._focusPhysicalItem(this._focusedIndex - 1);
    },

    _didMoveDown: function() {
      this._focusPhysicalItem(this._focusedIndex + 1);
    },

    _didEnter: function(e) {
      this._focusPhysicalItem(this._focusedIndex);
      this._selectionHandler(e.detail.keyboardEvent);
    }
  });

})();

</script>